Abstract
Commonly, five types of membrane processes are used in water and wastewater treatment—namely, electrodialysis, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis (RO). The chapter discusses different types of membrane processes, and it also elaborates on electrolysis. The principle behind electrodialysis (ED) is that electrical potential gradients will make charged molecules diffuse in a given medium at rates that are far greater than that attainable by chemical potentials between two liquids as in conventional dialysis. The chapter also elaborates on microfiltration and nanofiltration, and discusses RO. The fundamental difference between RO and ED is that in RO the solvent permeates the membrane, while in ED the solute moves through the membrane.
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