Chapter 9 - Grid-connected solar PV power systems

Abstract

Ground-mounted grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems form a major part (>90%) of the solar PV installations around the world today. This chapter gives insight into the basics of grid-connected solar PV power systems and describes the basic components that are integral to a grid-connected solar PV power system with insight into component selection, design, and matching of components for optimal performance. There is an elaborate description of grid-connected inverter types and how their efficiency is calculated to get the best performance in a system. In addition, it includes a detailed elaboration on DC and AC cabling systems, protection, and safety aspects on the DC and AC side. It gives a detailed analysis on power transformers, which step up the AC voltage for grid connection from the nominal AC voltage output of the inverter and further power transmission using transmission lines to the nearest grid substations. Detailed system design aspects are elaborated with examples for component selection and design criteria as well as total solar PV power system integration. Various system loss parameter are enumerated. A typical grid-connected solar PV system schematic with costing and field application examples is elaborated. Solar simulation tools and their use are incorporated for the benefit of designers. Bifacial PV system and floating solar PV systems are discussed.