Abstract
The physical properties of gas hydrates are introduced and the geological controls together with their mode of formation discussed. The manifestation of physical properties due to cementation−cohesion of sediments grains is explained. A discussion is included on the stability of methane hydrates, which is delicately constrained by the thermobaric conditions, temperature, and presence of impurities in the gas. The dissociation of gas hydrates due to alteration in the physical conditions by various mechanisms, release of methane gas, and consequent changes in atmospheric balance are discussed. A description of how hydrate fluidizes sediments in the shallow geosphere and its relevance to gradation changes in relief are presented in details. Consequent geological hazards over many continental margins of the world, including the Storrega Slide in the Norwegian Sea, Cape Fear Slide in the Atlantic Margin, Beaufort Sea, and Cascadian margins, are discussed. A full discussion on the risks involved in the extraction of oil and gas in deep waters due to destabilization of gas hydrates is included.
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