Abstract
This chapter introduces physical conditions for the formation of gas hydrate and their shapes, worldwide distribution, together with the pattern of solubility methane gas in water for given pressure-temperature regime. It then explains the governing processes through chemical, physical reactions under different biological, geological conditions that act on the preserved organic matter in the sediments for the formation of methane in the subsurface earth. By the end of the chapter depth of burial, nature of organic matter, physical, chemical and biological hierarchy that produce methane and have genetically different characteristic are explained. The description of methane derived from decomposition of organic matter and methane that is formed by chemical processes is included. A full discussion on the classification of kerogen that includes Type-I, Type-II, Type-III & Type-IV and formation of methane, coal and oil is included to understand the thermal processes, thermal degradation-cracking of sapropelic organic matter, and humic source.
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