Abstract
Use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) Q-TOF systems is discussed in this chapter, focusing on the innovative approaches of atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) and ion mobility separations (IMSs). Because of wide ranges of chemical/physical properties, pesticide coverage on HRMS systems is improved by introducing atmospheric pressure ion sources suitable for both liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) inlets. An atmospheric pressure source enables relatively rapid switching with minimal hardware change or loss of vacuum, in addition to offering less in-source fragmentation than traditional GC–electron ionization (EI). Additionally, as the use of nontargeted screening relies on comprehensive sample coverage (i.e., generalized sample preparation and full spectral acquisition), instrumental techniques that both increase peak capacity of an analysis and improve mass separations greatly enhance identification capabilities. The implementation of both APGC and IMS to pesticide analyses addresses these aforementioned considerations and more, and their history, development, theory, and practical use are described.
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