Abstract
Magnetic separation plays an increasingly important role in analytical chemistry, nanotechnology, biochemistry, and molecular biology research methods, and further afield: in applied and condensed matter physics, physical chemistry, materials science, and industrial applications. It becomes especially important in biomedical applications for the separation of rare cells in combination with selective tagging by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles because of a potential for high separation resolution from a mixture with weakly diamagnetic, untagged cells. In this chapter, the magnetic separation, analysis, and manipulation of cells and biomolecules with the assistance of magnetic fields are analyzed. A brief review of current literature on the emerging methods and applications is followed by an introduction of key physical concepts and elements of magnetostatics, important in the description of the magnetic separation processes, and concluding with examples of a microfluidic magnetic separator, a magnetophoretic motion analyzer for single microparticles magnetometry, and a worked example of a magnetic cell separation characterization based on the magnetophoretic mobility distributions of separands in the initial mixture. The increasing energy of inexpensive commercial permanent magnets, the relatively low volume of the cell mixture required for analytical and preparative analyses, the growing capabilities of modern rapid prototyping using 3D printing, combined with the expanding field of biomedical uses and an increasing interest in point-of-care and individualized medicine provide solid basis for future growth of the magnetic separation applications. Particularly interesting is the potential for label-less magnetic cell separation by the cell natural, intrinsic magnetization related to its biology of iron metabolism, with possible applications in the laboratory medicine and hematology and cancer-related diagnostic assays.
Published Version
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