Abstract
The application of diffraction techniques to the characterization of nanomaterial–polymeric membrane is considered. The first part of the chapter discusses an approach for the determination of the structural properties by using vibrational techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The approach is applicable to single components or to the hybrid material. The chapter also highlights X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a technique for studying bonding. The second part of the chapter addresses the techniques that make it possible to determine the chemical composition: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chapter also highlights the importance of X-ray diffraction to study the crystal structure of the materials.
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