Abstract

The performance, including antifouling and durability, of the membranes rely on the chosen material and method of design and fabrication. To gain the specialized benefits of both organic and inorganic materials, nanoparticles can be included in the polymer matrix. The methods of making membranes are many, considering the diversity suited for technical applications. The selection of the type of membrane and methods of fabrication depend on the desired use of the membrane. The conventional types of membrane fabrication include, among others, phase inversion, electrospinning, phase separation, coating, thin-film deposition, and extrusion/activation and sintering.

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