Abstract
This chapter provides a review on the measurement of viscosity. the concept of viscosity is intimately related to the flow field under investigation (e.g., whether it is steady simple shear flow or not), and in many cases it is more appropriate and convenient to define an extensional viscosity corresponding to a steady uniaxial extensional flow. In addition, the chapter comprises a brief explanation of measurement of the shear viscosity and measurement of the extensional viscosity. Many industrial processes, especially in the polymer industries, involve a high extension-flow component and there is an acknowledged need for extensional viscometers.The construction of such devices is, however, fraught with difficulties. It is frequently necessary to monitor the viscosity of a fluid “online” in a number of applications, particularly when the constitution or temperature of the fluid is likely to change. Of the viscometers described in this chapter, the capillary viscometer and the concentric-cylinder viscometer are those most conveniently adapted for such a purpose.
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