Abstract
This chapter briefly discusses the measurement of vacuum, that is the measurement of the range of pressures below atmospheric. Pressure is defined as force divided by area; it is also stated in terms of the height of a column of a suitable liquid, such as mercury or water, that the pressure will support. Since pressure is defined to be force/area, its measurement directly or indirectly involves the measurement of the force exerted on a known area. A gauge that does this is called an absolute gauge and allows the pressure to be obtained from a reading and known physical quantities associated with the gauge, such as areas, lengths, sometimes temperatures, and elastic constants. The pressure, when obtained, is independent of the composition of the gas or vapor that is present. In addition, the absolute gauges and non-absolute gauges are discussed.
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