Abstract
Abstract Exosomes are 40–150 nm, extracellularly, secreted lipid nanovesicles capable of performing vital biological functions. Exosomes are highly efficient in intercell transport mechanisms and offer a novel approach as a drug delivery system. Exosomes possess proficiency in delivering molecules like mRNA and miRNA to cells and even protect them from enzymatic degradation. With this inherent ability, exosomes qualify as therapeutic agents for diverse pathological conditions like cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers as well as in diagnosis, prognosis, and drug response. Formerly treated as cell debris, the existence of exosomes is evident in all biological fluids, including blood plasma, breast milk, semen, urine, etc. The diverse and astonishing population of exosomes can also symbolize a new archetype of intercellular signal transmission as membrane properties can always be tailored and supplemented with desired biological activity. Eventually, exosomes could also be used to cross biological barriers to deliver therapeutic agents across the membrane. Exosome biology could be a new cutting edge at the nano-range research which can be further helpful in cardiovascular diseases, and it seems that they will be generating more reimbursements disproportionate to their size. In this chapter, we discuss the formation, evaluation, drug targeting, and mechanistic functioning of exosomes along with providing supporting evidence of the tasks performed by exosomes in various diseases.
Published Version
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