Abstract
Diseases caused by infectious pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoan microbes are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among humans globally. Upon infection by pathogens, transcriptional programming occurs in the host that eventually leads to cellular responses in terms of regulation of immune-related genes, apoptosis, and cell cycle deregulation. A change in the epigenetic profile in the host is an outcome of such interactions. Therefore, it is essential to understand that these epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNAs, brought about as a result of such host-parasite interactions. This chapter summarizes some of the known epigenetic mechanisms in the case of host-pathogen interactions and identifies their potential to be used in disease diagnosis as biomarkers.
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