Abstract
Allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma, are the greatest prevalent chronic immunological diseases that affect children and adults. The interactions that take place between developmental factors and environmental components play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms are the mediators of several effects elicited by environment for the allergic diseases’ outcome and pathogenesis and open new area of biomedical research in recent decades. Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications reveal new insights into the mechanisms involved in the development of sensitization and thus have the potential to be used as novel powerful biomarkers for prophylaxis, stratification, diagnosis, and treatment of heterogeneous allergic diseases. In this chapter, we first review the main factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation in brief and then discuss the three most common epigenetic biomarkers in asthma and allergic diseases including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs.
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