Chapter 7 - Electrochemical, Mass Spectroscopic, Immunochemical, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

Abstract

Due to the limitations of conventional spectrophotometric and fluorometric techniques, other modes of reactive species (RS) detection have become increasingly necessary. This chapter describes the techniques that have been developed to improve the sensitivity to detect, identify, or quantify RS from cells up to whole animals, such as immunochemical techniques, mass spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. This chapter will describe the advantages and limitations that each of these techniques offers over conventional spectroscopic techniques with regards to the detection, identification, and measurement of RS in biological systems, as well as the ability to measure RS generation in real time, and will show how these complementary techniques can elucidate and help us understand the mechanism of oxidative stress at the molecular level.