Abstract

Personalized medicine is going ahead toward clinical utilization. Due to the recent advances in the “omic” technologies, including genomic studies, the use of individualized approaches has progressed in various diseases including cancer. Individualization has also entered into the field of cancer immunotherapy. Seeking for and selecting the immunogenic neoantigens, which are personalized and unique tumor antigens caused by somatic mutations, is of interest to design specific immunotherapies including vaccines. Recent achievements have been yielded in the clinical trials evaluating synthetic long peptide and poly-neo-epitope RNA vaccines for improvement of disease-free survival in patients at high risk of melanoma recurrence. Hereby, we will review the application of personalized medicine and the related clinical trials in the field of immunotherapy with cancer vaccines.

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