Abstract
Genetic-based cancer vaccines, including two major types—DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines—have become an attractive immunotherapeutic approach against cancer due to their various advantages such as simplicity, stability, and safety. The results obtained in clinical trials showed that such DNA and RNA vaccines are required to be ameliorated in antigen expression and delivery methods to make them sufficiently effective in the clinic and provide promising outcomes. Engineering vaccine for modifying antigen presentation and processing pathways is one of the most important aspects that can be managed easily. This chapter will directly focus on providing information for both the DNA and RNA vaccines, including related clinical trials, immune responses, efficacy and adverse events, and also pros and cons of the each of the vaccine types.
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