Chapter 6 - Diet, Social Inequalities, and Physical Capability in Older People

Abstract

The maintenance of independence and quality of life are major challenges facing older people. Central to independence is physical capability – that is the ability to perform the physical tasks of everyday living. Prevention of age-related losses in muscle mass and strength is key to protecting physical capability and promoting independence. Current evidence links insufficient intakes of protein, vitamin D, and antioxidant nutrients to poor physical function in later life. While much of this evidence is observational and the mechanisms are not fully understood, this is of concern, as low intakes of these nutrients are common. Poor nutrition and impaired physical capability are more commonly faced by socially disadvantaged older adults, and appropriate support is needed to address these inequalities. However, as experiences at earlier stages of life may also impact the loss of muscle and physical function in later life, the effectiveness of interventions across the lifecourse needs to be considered. Optimizing diet and nutrition throughout life may be key to promoting physical capability in older people, particularly among those who are socially disadvantaged.