Abstract
The details of rock properties, including acoustic impedance (Z), shear impedance (Zs), density (ρ), porosity (ø), Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (μ), and bulk modulus (K), are presented in this chapter. It aims to broaden our understanding of the prediction of rock properties and describes methods for their estimation. Amplitude versus offset (AVO)/amplitude versus angle (AVA) analysis workflow is discussed in detail. AVO modeling together with AVO attributes intercept (A) and gradient (B) examples highlighting unconventional plays from different parts of the worlds are presented. The pattern of reflection coefficient behavior for gas hydrate studies from offshore USA and India, Japan, and New Zealand is explained. The relationship between Poisson’s ratio and E for shale plays with real data examples is discussed. The simultaneous seismic inversion method for predicting elastic properties is explained in detail. Different workflow steps, including seismic data conditioning, seismic petrophysics and rock physics modeling, log calibration and seismic to well tie, and low-frequency modeling, are discussed. A real data example of predicting acoustic impedance and hydrate saturation is presented. An example of predicting porosity from impedance and total organic carbon (TOC) for unconventional reservoirs by utilizing the seismic inversion technique is illustrated.
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