Chapter 5 - Microbes and fish diseases

Abstract

The relationship between microorganisms and fish can be either mutualistic or pathogenic. In the majority of cases, fish diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are among the most prevalent epidemics in the aquaculture industry. These bacterial infections are often associated with primary and secondary infections, caused postinfectivity by parasites or fungus. Bacterial diseases can cause significant production losses and economic devastation to an industry. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of their interrelationship and stress-related environmental factors is crucial for effective disease prevention and control. This book chapter depicts the importance of microbes, bacteria-related diseases in various water bodies, as well as the potential contribution of microbes to the aquaculture industry. Alternative disease prevention and control strategies such as immunostimulants, vaccines, RNA, and phage therapies, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phytotherapeutical compounds, as well as pre-, pro-, and postbiotics have been discussed to address fish disease issues. With the rapid development of technology, products, and techniques, the identification of the causative agents and the development of new therapies are no longer strenuous tasks. Despite these advancements, farm or facility biosecurity followed by good aquaculture practices are still considered effective prevention options than the cure.