Abstract
This chapter explores the flourescence lifetime biosensors. Fluorescence lifetime biosensors transduce the recognition of the analyte by a biologically-derived molecule as a change in fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime is a fundamentally different parameter than the more familiar fluorescence intensity or polarization. Formally, the lifetime is the average amount of time a fluorophore spends in the excited state between the absorption of a photon and its emission as fluorescence; the lifetime is the reciprocal of the emissive rate. While typically more complex instrumentally than optical biosensors, which readout a steady state intensity, they have useful advantages for certain applications. Among these advantages are straightforward transduction design, facile calibration, relative freedom from artifact, broad dynamic range, and ready adaptation to fiber optics.
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