Chapter 17 - Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Dot Conjugates in Biosensing

Abstract

This chapter reviews the progress made in bio-related applications of luminescent colloidal quantum dots (QDs). The material reviewed represents only the prologue of an unfolding story, as quantum dots are a relatively recent discovery and their biological applications are newer still. Nonetheless, a significant body of research literature exists pointing the way toward future advances. We begin with a basic introduction to quantum dots, including their synthesis and some characteristic physical properties, followed by a review of bio-related work involving semiconductor nanocrystals published to date. Work involving the preparation and use of QD-protein conjugates in cellular imaging, quantitative immunoassays, and in early-stage energy transfer applications is reviewed, in addition to the uses of QD-DNA conjugates as nanoscale building blocks. A listing of early patents in this area is also included for those who contemplate utilizing these materials in the commercial arena. Advantages and limitations in bio-related applications are discussed based on the current state-of-the-art in QD technology.