Chapter 4 - New methodologies and equipment used in new-generation separation and preconcentration methods

Abstract

Separation, purification, and preconcentration of different components from their complicated matrices by immiscible solvents and/or different sources of the receiving phase are vital tasks. These goals are possible by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and/or solid phase extraction (SPE) or their combination candidate. These protocols are the most commonly applicable techniques for such purpose. LLE suffer from points like time-consuming, tedious and requirement to consumption of huge amounts of potentially toxic organic solvents. The scientific knowledge correspond to the separation process was studied extensively while was completely unknown. Amongst the various extraction methods, most attention and interest were devoted to SPE owing to its advantages like low cost, simplicity, convenience, and time reservation, while has the capacity to combine with different detection procedures which can done as online and/or offline manner.