Chapter 1 - Historical backgrounds, milestones in the field of development of separation and preconcentration methods

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Separation and enrichment methods are an important application branch of analytical chemistry, which have very often been used by scientists for more than a century. This chapter focuses on the importance and historical development of separation and preconcentration methods, including solid phase extraction, coprecipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, cloud-point extraction, solid phase microextraction, and liquid phase extraction. Historical developments from traditional sample preparation methods (solid phase extraction, coprecipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, and cloud-point extraction) to new-generation sample preparation methods (solid phase microextraction, and liquid phase extraction) are explained. Milestones in the field of the development of separation and preconcentration methods, such as introduction of new extraction apparatus, detection systems, solvents, sorbents, reagents, and so on, are explained.