Comparison of extraction of a β-blocker from plasma onto a molecularly imprinted polymer with liquid–liquid extraction and solid phase extraction methods

Abstract

An optimised solid phase extraction (SPE) method developed for the extraction of a structural analogue of the β-blocking drug propranolol from plasma utilising a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been compared with methods based on conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), and SPE using C18-bonded and immobilised phenyl boronic acid (PBA). All four methods could be used for the extraction of the analyte with acceptable accuracy and precision. The MIP-based method, unlike the other methods required a protein precipitation step prior to extraction to eliminate the effects of co-extracted protein. The best performance was seen with the LLE method followed by SPE on the C18 phase. The MIP-based method represented no advantage over the comparator methods for this analyte. Indeed the performance of the MIP-based method was marginally worse as leaching of low level template impurities prevented detection of the target analyte at low concentrations (5 ng mL −1). This relatively poorer performance was evident as worse accuracy at low concentrations with a consequent higher limit of quantification than the conventional methods.