Abstract
Instruments and controllers are usually part of a large control system. The system is generally represented by a Piping & Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID) that shows the devices, their locations, and the method of interconnection. There are four types of pressure measurement. Differential pressure is the difference between two pressures applied to the transducer, gauge pressure is made with respect to atmospheric pressure, and head pressure is used in liquid level measurement and refers to pressure in terms of the height of a liquid. The Bourdon tube is the most common pressure indicating device. The tube is made by flattening a circular cross section tube and bending it into a C-shape. One end is fixed and connected to the pressure to be measured and the other end is closed and left free. When pressure is applied to the tube it will tend to straighten, causing the free end to move up and to the right. This motion is converted to a circular motion for a pointer with a quadrant and pinion linkage. Diaphragms can also be used to convert a pressure differential into a mechanical displacement.
Published Version
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