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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of materials for electrical engineering. There is a wide variety of soft magnetic materials for applications from constant dc field through 50/60 Hz up to microwave frequencies. For the bulk of applications iron, steel or cast iron are used. There are a number of grades of sheet steel and these comprise by far the greatest part of the soft, high-permeability material used. The key properties of a permanent magnet material are given by the demagnetization curve. It is shown that when a piece of permanent magnet material is a part of a magnetic circuit, the magnetic field generated in a gap in the circuit is proportional to B ✕ H ✕ V, in which B and H represent a point on the demagnetization curve and V is the volume of permanent magnet. The feebly magnetic steels are austenitic, and their virtually nonmagnetic properties are achieved by additions of chromium and nickel to low-carbon steel. To attain a relative permeability of 1.05 or less, the recommended composition is 18 per cent chromium and 10 per cent nickel, or greater. These steels that have minimum strength requirements are used for nonmagnetic parts of machinery, for magnetic measuring equipment and for minesweeping equipment, in which magnetic flux can actuate magnetic mines.
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