Abstract
This chapter reviews the development of infants and children with neurological disorders such as the Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, Turner syndrome, persistent hyperinsulineric hypoglycemia of infancy, Sturge–Weber syndrome, and porencephaly. The development of language is intricately interwoven with neuroanatomical development, development of cognition, articulatory abilities, receptive abilities, and social development. Although in some cases a severe language problem is clear, as in the case of the Down syndrome, other diseases such as the Williams syndrome more severely impact cognitive abilities. Overall, it is obvious that each of these neuroanatomically related problems does impact some aspect of language functioning in the individual. Hence, it is important that such problems are detected early in life. With early detection and the implementation of intervention programs, along with special personalized care and training, infants with such neurological diseases may be able to develop to optimal levels, given that the brain is more resilient and plastic during the critical periods of early development in life.
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