Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a well-known factor contributing to male infertility, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) impairing spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and membrane and DNA integrity. Since high levels of ROS have been strongly associated with male reproductive dysfunction, there is an urgent clinical need for inexpensive and easy-to-perform assays measuring ROS levels in semen as an important part of the initial evaluation as well as follow-up of subfertile or infertile patients. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the nitroblue tetrazolium assay for the measurement of intracellular superoxide production in spermatozoa that may have a significant clinical utility in identifying men with impaired fertility associated with seminal OS.
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