Abstract
Malnutrition is classified as either excess consumption (overnutrition) or inadequate consumption (undernutrition) of nutrients, and a clear association between nutritional status, body mass index, and male reproductive potential has been established. Both over- and undernutrition is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS) systemically and in the male reproductive tract, hypothesized to cause infertility in malnourished males. Obesity is a disease of pandemic proportions, developing from the interaction of genetic, environmental, socio-economic, and psychological factors, mediated by complex metabolic cellular and molecular mediators. OS and poor semen quality in obese males is mediated at least in part by micronutrient deficiencies, particularly antioxidants. The pathophysiology of obesity and related male infertility is discussed in the context of malnutrition and OS, including the use of nutritional modifications and antioxidant supplementation as potential therapeutic options.
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