Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been an exponential increase in our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in health and disease. Reduced or disturbed microbial exposure during infancy and early childhood may predispose to impaired immunoregulation in later life, leading to either Th2 diseases (such as allergy) or Th1 diseases (such as type 1 diabetes). This chapter provides an update on the current knowledge in the area of gut microbiota and allergic and other immune-related disorders. The potential for manipulating the gut microbiota of patients with these disorders is assessed, with an examination of the latest and most relevant evidence relating to probiotic and/or prebiotic therapy.
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