Abstract
Gut microbiota is a community of various microorganisms inhabiting the host's gastrointestinal tract, influencing its health. Balanced, stable microbiota is in homeostasis with its host, while changes in microbiota composition and function – dysbiosis, are associated with various diseases. This article summarizes the role of gut microbiota in health and disease. We discuss factors affecting gut microbiota development and composition in relation to the host's health. We also address the main gut microbiota functions along with the roles of different microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, we briefly discuss dysbiosis in specific human diseases and the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapeutics.
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