Abstract
This chapter reviews the features of a bare transducer and the transducer with sensors (support electronics). A minimal Hall-effect sensor consists of three parts: a means of powering or biasing the transducer, the transducer itself, and an amplification stage. The Hall-effect transducer simple electrical model exhibits many of the electrical attributes of a transducer for aiding in the designing of the interface circuits. The major assumptions and limitations include: magnetic linearity, the temperature coefficients are ignored, no zero-flux offset, a real Hall-effect sensor being considered as a passive device, and the transducer is symmetric. The model can be adjusted so as to be suitable for simulation by simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) or another circuit simulation program. The major adjustments to the model are to provide user control of an applied magnetic field. The SPICE model provides features such as: input and output resistance, control for applied flux, output voltage—both as a function of bias voltage and applied field. It is capable of simulating temperature-dependent behavior.
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