Abstract
In this paper, we present an analysis and a validation of a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) model for a pulse forming circuit of a high frequency electroporation system, which can deliver square-wave sub-microsecond (100–900 ns) electric field pulses. The developed SPICE model is suggested for use in evaluation of transient processes that occur due to high frequency operations in prototype systems. A controlled crowbar circuit was implemented to support a variety of biological loads and to ensure a constant electric pulse rise and fall time during electroporation to be independent of the applied buffer bioimpedance. The SPICE model was validated via a comparison of the simulation and experimental results obtained from the already existing prototype system. The SPICE model results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the model complexity was found to be sufficient for analysis of transient processes. As result, the proposed SPICE model can be useful for evaluation and compensation of transient processes in sub-microsecond pulsed power set-ups during the development of new prototypes.
Highlights
High-pulsed electric fields (PEFs), used to induce an electric field across a cell membrane, have many applications [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Most pulsed electric field generators available in the market for commercial use are made for specific PEF application, with predefined pulsed parameters and limited control possibility
Our simulation model contributes to the prototyping of flexible electroporation systems, and can be applied for evaluation and compensation of transient processes in the emerging sub-microsecond pulsed power set-ups by reducing the time and costs associated with the prototyping phase
Summary
High-pulsed electric fields (PEFs), used to induce an electric field across a cell membrane, have many applications [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Further studies have reported that square-wave pulses are more efficient during the application of high intensity (tens to hundreds of kV/cm) nanosecond PEFs, due to its enhanced control of the pulse energy [33] This is an important aspect for the rapidly growing microfluidics-based electroporation technique [34], wherein planar electrode structures have proved to be advantageous [34,35]. Most pulsed electric field generators available in the market for commercial use are made for specific PEF application, with predefined pulsed parameters and limited control possibility These specifications limit the possibilities for application in the electroporation research area, where higher flexibility for setting different protocols is required. Our simulation model contributes to the prototyping of flexible electroporation systems, and can be applied for evaluation and compensation of transient processes in the emerging sub-microsecond pulsed power set-ups by reducing the time and costs associated with the prototyping phase
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