Abstract
The central processing unit (CPU) guides the computer through the various steps of solving a problem. Data enters the computer through an input unit, is processed by the central processing unit, and is then made available to the user through an output unit. A logical view of a computer shows what functions the computer performs. A physical view of a computer shows how the mechanisms of the computer actually perform these functions. The three logical units that make up the central processing unit are the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), main storage, and the control unit. Main storage retains active programs and data. It is relatively expensive, so secondary storage is used to store programs and data until they are needed in main storage. The set of a computer's built-in operations is called its “instruction set.” A computer program is a set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve a particular problem. A computer program must be in main storage for a computer to be able to perform its instructions.
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