Abstract
This chapter reviews the major units and electronic components of a computer and their roles. The chapter discusses how data is organized and processed inside the computer. Digital computers perform calculations by counting numbers precisely. Computers perform only simple operations but with great speed and accuracy. Basic components of a computer are: (1) CPU that has three logical units—arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), main storage or storage unit, and control unit, (2) input unit, and (3) output unit. ALU performs arithmetic operations and makes logical decisions. The control unit coordinates the operations of the ALU and main storage. Computer circuits are built from three fundamental circuit components—AND, OR, and NOT; these can be combined to form more complex circuits. Half-adder, one of the most common circuits in today's computers, adds two binary digits and produces a sum. Half-adders may be combined to add two binary numbers each consisting of several digits.
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