Chapter 3 - Generic modeling and control of wind turbines following IEC 61400-27-1

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The expansion of wind power worldwide brought the total cumulative capacity to more than 743GW by the end of 2020. However, the growth in this type of renewable energy source affects stability and quality of electricity supply in current power systems, thus bringing some uncertainty. To ensure network stability and assess the impact of the penetration of this source in power systems, dynamic simulations are used to predict the behavior of wind turbines (WTs) and wind power plants when these are integrated into the electricity grid. Under this framework, given that the first WT simulation models were highly detailed, complex, private and represented only one specific model of an actual WT, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has recently defined the so-called generic—or standard—WT simulation models. Through Standard IEC 61400-27-1, the IEC covered the four main types of WT technologies, developing publicly available models for transient stability analyses that can be implemented in any simulation software tool. These generic models are intended to represent any WT configuration in the market within the same topology. Moreover, a validation methodology was specifically developed to test the accuracy of the responses of these generic WT simulation models, especially regarding their behavior under grid disturbances, namely voltage dips. However, since the publication of the first edition of Standard IEC 61400-27-1 in February 2015, few studies have addressed the modeling and validation of IEC generic WT models using specialized software tools and field measurements of operating WTs. Therefore to complement the studies available, the main goal of this chapter is to present the modeling, simulation, and validation of the Type 3 WT defined by Standard IEC 61400-27-1. Simulation is performed in both multidisciplinary (MATLAB/Simulink) and specialized (DIgSILENT PowerFactory) software tools. The events under study are voltage dips of different durations and magnitudes under different loading conditions. These results are compared with field measurements of an operating Type 3 WT.