Abstract
In order to extract the maximum amount of energy from a waterway with a hydropower plant, all the water must be used and this requires a major intervention into the watercourse. In some cases this will involve building a dam that completely blocks the river and leads to the formation of a large reservoir building up behind it. Other run-of-river plants use simple barrages or weirs to divert water into a culvert, so that it can be used to drive a turbine. Dams are complex and costly structures to build. Types commonly used for hydropower projects include rock and earth-filled embankment dams, concrete gravity dams, buttress dams and arch dams. Structures build of steel, timber and rubber have also been utilised.
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