Abstract
The relation between impedance and surge impedance with reactive power is explained. Var requirement of overhead lines, cables, and power transformers is provided to get an idea about the magnitude of its requirement. Real and reactive power requirement required by the arc furnace is given. System voltage with reactive power is analyzed. Effect of excitation control on reactive power is mentioned. Voltage regulation and power transfer relationship is explained. Block schematic for different excitation systems such as static excitation and brushless excitation is presented. Automatic voltage regulator for alternator voltage control is studied, and its steady state and dynamic response are analyzed. Stability compensation and stabilizing transformers are studied. IEEE type 1 excitation system is quoted. Power system stabilizers are stated. Reactive power generation by turbo generator, synchronous compensators, reactors, capacitors, tap-changing transformers, and tap-staggering method is considered. The change of short-circuit capacity with voltage regulation is explained. Loading capacity of a transmission line is discussed. Load compensation and static VAR compensators are discussed. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers and the advantages of FACTS devices are discussed. Effect of shunt compensation is stated.
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