Abstract
Protection given by ground wire to transmission line against overvoltages due to external causes is detailed. The operation of surge diverters and surge absorbers in protecting a transmission line against overvoltages is explained. Lightning arresters are explained, and their classification is given. Expulsion type and valve type lightning arresters are described, and their operation is explained. The efficacy of horn gap arrester and rod gap arrester is brought out. The rating of lightning arresters is stated. Tower footing resistance is defined, and its influence on line protection against surges is discussed. Insulation coordination and its importance are presented. Impulse wave, impulse ratio, and basic impulse insulation levels are explained.
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