Abstract
Biomolecules are fundamental to all living organisms and include amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, saccharides, lipids, hormones, and secondary metabolites. Based on the fundamentals of science, biology and other technical sciences have developed over the past several decades into the currently powerful discipline of biotechnology, which allows the manufacturing of advanced scientific devices and the industrial production of bioactive molecules for pharmaceutical, industrial, food, and biomedical applications. This chapter focuses on recent approaches on the interconnection of nanosciences, materials sciences, and molecular biotechnology with the help of outstanding biomolecules. The extremely developed techniques of present-day research are used for basic/applied investigation and provide one-stop information on current innovations from miscellaneous bioactive molecules via selected examples with potential applications in the fields of antimicrobial efficacy, disease diagnosis, anticancer therapeutics, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine, in addition to a systematic discussion on environmental clean-up solutions such as bioremediation and plastic degradation.
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