Abstract
The main biomass-to-energy conversion pathways can be classified into thermochemical and biochemical conversion. The former involves heat and chemical processes to obtain primary products from biomass waste. Among thermochemical methods are combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction, and thermochemical cycle. Biochemical conversion involves microorganisms to decompose and convert biomass into gaseous or liquid fuels such as anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and photobiological hydrogen production. In this chapter, biomass upgrading, several possible routes, and key conversion technologies of “biomass waste to energy” are reviewed. Recent progress related to biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies and their main products is described. Also, several challenges regarding the conversion and utilization of biomass and waste are discussed.
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