Chapter 4 - Proposed integrated system from black liquor

Abstract

This chapter proposes stand-alone recovery from black liquor (BL). Ideally, in the modern pulp mill industry, a factory system can independently provide internal energy demands for continuous process. Traditionally, energy recovery is conducted by combusting BL after water removal via multiple-effect evaporation (MEE). Firstly, the conventional methods for the production of electricity and H2 from BL are discussed. The performance of these systems is evaluated by comparing lower heating value (LHV)-based efficiency. Furthermore, several integrated systems are proposed based on the concept of exergy recovery and process integration to minimize exergy loss. Thermodynamic modeling of proposed integrated systems is also investigated to show the performance of BL recovery. The proper BL utilization can significantly improve the economic benefit and minimize the impacts on the environment. The appropriate waste recovery can also satisfy the internal energy demand before the surplus energy can be exported.