Abstract
Polymers can be considered on a range of length scales from that of molecules to that of the final products. This chapter focuses on the molecular level and begins with an overview of two industrially significant polymerization routes, addition and step-growth polymerization, in which monomer is converted to polymer. These polymerization routes can be used to produce a wide range of commercially important polymeric materials including polyethylenes and polyamides (PAs). The concept that polymer systems are composed of a distribution of chain lengths is considered, and two key measures of molecular weight, the number-average and weight-average molecular weight, are introduced. Chain regularity and architecture are then discussed in relation to the morphology of the polymer. The industrial polymerization of a range of commercially important polymers is also explored.
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