Abstract
This chapter introduces the principles and practice of dry sliding friction in road vehicle brakes. It describes how brake friction pairs are designed, manufactured, and used to generate consistent and reliable retarding torque to decelerate the vehicle. After some historical context and an introduction to the basic science of sliding friction, automotive brake friction pairs comprising conventional (resin-bonded composite) friction materials operating against cast iron rotors (brake drum or disc) are discussed in detail. The types, properties, and functions of the constituents are explained, an outline of processing practice is given, and examples of thermophysical properties are discussed. The coefficient of friction (μ) between the rotor and the stator is the most important brake design parameter and the influence of operating parameters especially temperature, on μ and other properties is discussed. Health and environmental issues are explained, including particulate emissions and brake dust. Finally, an overview of new generation friction pairs and materials for improved performance and lighter weight, especially for new vehicles with hybrid and electric powertrains and regenerative braking, is presented.
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