Abstract
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are endogenous materials that encode genetic information. We discuss the definition and properties of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the genetic information necessary for the replication of cells and their functioning after transcription of DNA into RNA and translation of RNA into proteins. DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus. It is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of it can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function. Of these genes 13 provide instructions for making enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
Published Version
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