Abstract
This chapter covers the essentials of basic sound transmission and operational forces of microphones, with a presentation of relevant equations and exemplary figures. It begins with basic wave generation and transmission then moves on to an explanation of the temperature dependence of speed of sound transmission. Acoustical power is defined and explained, including work and intensity. The relationship between air particle velocity and amplitude is discussed and demonstrated, and the decibel and pascal are defined. Other topics include the reverberant field, sound in a plane wave field, and sound in a spherical wave field. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how humidity affects sound transmission, as well as diffraction effects at short wavelengths and directivity index (DI).
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