Abstract
Dual-temperature ion exchange processes technique usually exploits the temperature dependence of sorbent selectivity towards desired ions. A straightforward separation process with parametric elution is often referred to as the temperature-swing mode. The dual-temperature system cannot provide the complete separation of ions; however, even such a simple technique as the temperature-swing mode allows significant enrichment/depletion of the target ion concentration. Carboxylic cation exchangers can also provide the temperature sensitivity of thermodynamic characteristics that can be successfully exploited for the dual-temperature separation. The most recognized process based on dual-temperature separation is the Sirotherm desalination. Sirotherm utilizes ion exchange resins having the unique ability to be regenerated from the loaded salts with hot water, rather than with chemicals (the dual-temperature approach). Therefore, it offers a cheap method for desalting waters of natural or industrial origin. It also has an environmental advantage over the conventional chemically regenerated systems in that the amount of waste salt discharged in the effluent is substantially reduced.
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