Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation.

Elżbieta Kociołek-Balawejder,Ewa Stanisławska,Igor Mucha,Irena Jacukowicz-Sobala

doi:10.3390/polym13183199

Elżbieta Kociołek-Balawejder, Ewa Stanisławska + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183199

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Abstract

The effect of a cupric deposit (Cu2+, CuO) on the thermal decomposition of carboxylic cation exchangers (CCEs) is not known, and such studies may have practical significance. CCEs have a very high ion exchange capacity, so an exceptionally large amount of CuO (which is a catalyst) can be precipitated inside them. Two CCEs, macroreticular (Amberlite IRC50) and gel-like (Amberlite IRC86), served as a polymeric support to obtain copper-rich hybrid ion exchangers. Composites with CuO particles inside a polyacrylic matrix (up to 35.0 wt% Cu) were obtained. Thermal analyses under air and under N2 were performed for CCEs in the H+ and Cu2+ form with and without a CuO deposit. The results of sixteen experiments are discussed based on the TG/DTG curves and XRD patterns of the solid residues. Under air, the cupric deposit shifted the particular transformations and the ultimate polymeric matter decomposition (combustion) toward lower temperatures (even about 100–150 °C). Under N2, the reduction of the cupric deposit to metallic copper took place. Unique composite materials enriched in carbonaceous matter were obtained, as the products of polymeric matrix decomposition (free radicals and hydrogen) created an additional amount of carbon char due to the utilization of a certain amount of hydrogen to reduce Cu (II) to Cu0.

Highlights

Activated carbon, biochar, zeolite, synthetic polymers, and biopolymers supporting metal oxide nanoparticles are modern and effective composite materials that offer properties and application opportunities not exhibited separately by the individual components– high molecular weight host materials or inorganic nanoparticles alone [1,2,3,4,5,6]
By dispersing metal oxide nanoparticles into an ion exchanger matrix, hybrid ion exchangers (HIXs) can be prepared. Due to their form of porous spherical beads with mechanical strength and due to overcoming the propensity of parent nanoparticles to aggregate, HIXs are suitable for batch and flow-through systems, providing a highly accessible surface area, high sorption capacity, fast kinetics, and enhanced selectivity in purification processes [11]
The different morphology of the host materials, the diverse nature and concentration of the ionogenic functional groups, the various methods of dispersing metal oxide NPs inside the polymer support, and the specific properties of immobilized metal oxide nanoparticles all contribute to the diversity of their applications, including separation processes, catalysis and biocidal actions [12,13,14,15,16,17]

Summary

Introduction

Biochar, zeolite, synthetic polymers, and biopolymers supporting metal oxide nanoparticles are modern and effective composite materials that offer properties and application opportunities not exhibited separately by the individual components– high molecular weight host materials or inorganic nanoparticles alone [1,2,3,4,5,6]. By dispersing metal oxide nanoparticles into an ion exchanger matrix, hybrid ion exchangers (HIXs) can be prepared Due to their form of porous spherical beads with mechanical strength and due to overcoming the propensity of parent nanoparticles to aggregate (by isolating them within the polymeric skeleton), HIXs are suitable for batch and flow-through systems, providing a highly accessible surface area, high sorption capacity, fast kinetics, and enhanced selectivity in purification processes (the Donnan membrane effect controls what type of ions can enter inside the resin structure) [11]. The most popular HIXs are FeOOH, MnO2, and ZrO2 doped anion exchangers They are used to remove arsenic species and various harmful oxyanions from water through sorption and redox processes [18,19,20]

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