Chapter 14 - Recent magneto/electrochemical/biosensors and analytical approaches to detect β-lactam antibiotics in food and environment

Abstract

The excess use of antibiotics also poses the threat of antibiotic resistance. β-Lactams have been used as antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin. Today, the residues of β-lactams drugs can be easily found in our environment such as water, soil, and food items. As a result, this triggered antibiotic resistance. To overcome this situation, new methods are emerging to detect these molecules qualitatively and quantitively in food items and environment. In this regard, various sensors such as magneto sensors, electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and analytical methodologies have been developed and reported. In this chapter, we have included the methods for β-lactams detection in food items and environments such as dairy products, soil, and water with emphasis on their construction and use.