Abstract
At any particular developmental or physiological stage, a transcriptome is the entire set of RNAs transcribed by specific tissues or cells. By analyzing gene activity and structures at the whole-genome level, transcriptome research can reveal the molecular mechanisms behind diverse biological processes in human diseases. Advances in transcriptomics have made it possible to investigate the functional implications of genetic variation across species. Gene expression microarrays and high-throughput RNA sequencing are now commonly employed in biological, medical, clinical, and pharmaceutical research. Technologies like RNA-Seq, which take advantage of high-throughput next-generation sequencing, have emerged as state-of-the-art approaches for transcriptome study and have powerful applications in the identification of biomarkers and drug discovery. In this chapter, we will look at how these technologies have been used in drug discovery and development, particularly for natural drugs and biomarkers. We have highlighted the future challenges and prospects of RNA sequencing technology in the area of health and disease. In addition, the concept and uses of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have been briefly described. Thus the chapter will guide in comprehending the fundamental principles of human transcriptomics and how they might be applied to health and disease.
Published Version
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